RECONSTRUCTING Q

Peter's Denial (Matthew 26:69-75||Mark 14:66-72||Luke 22:56-62)

94% reflected in both Matthew and Luke

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Color Coding: Matthew-Mark Agreements | Mark-Luke Agreements | Matthew-Luke Agreements | Triple Agreement
Formatting: Word Is Different | Word Differs from Both Parallels | Morphology Is Different | Morphology Differs from Both Parallels
Gray Background: This is not where this portion is found in this gospel.

MatthewMarkLukeNotes
69 δὲ Πέτρος ἐκάθητο ἔξω ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ 66Καὶ ὄντος τοῦ Πέτρου κάτω ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ Both Matthew and Luke are heavily influenced by Mark in this passage, but traces of Q are certainly visible. Peter's denial was set up by Q 22:31-34.
69καὶ προσῆλθεν αὐτῷ μία παιδίσκη λέγουσα 66ἔρχεται μία τῶν παιδισκῶν τοῦ ἀρχιερέως 67καὶ ἰδοῦσα τὸν Πέτρον θερμαινόμενον ἐμβλέψασα αὐτῷ λέγει 56ἰδοῦσα δὲ αὐτὸν παιδίσκη τις καθήμενον πρὸς τὸ φῶς καὶ ἀτενίσασα αὐτῷ εἶπεν Perhaps Luke's παιδίσκη τις reflects Q, but it is hard to say.
69καὶ σὺ ἦσθα μετὰ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Γαλιλαίου. 67καὶ σὺ μετὰ τοῦ Ναζαρηνοῦ ἦσθα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ. 56καὶ οὗτος σὺν αὐτῷ ἦν. It is hard to say what the first person said about Jesus in Q. It may have matched Luke's words here, but there are no clear indicators in the style.
70 δὲ ἠρνήσατο ἔμπροσθεν πάντων λέγων 68 δὲ ἠρνήσατο λέγων 57 δὲ ἠρνήσατο λέγων Again, no clear sign of what is in Q.
70οὐκ οἶδα τί λέγεις. 68οὔτε οἶδα οὔτε ἐπίσταμαι σὺ τί λέγεις. 57οὐκ οἶδα αὐτόν, γύναι. The vocative in Luke's version is typical of Q. Perhaps the not knowing him comes from Q.
71ἐξελθόντα δὲ εἰς τὸν πυλῶνα εἶδεν αὐτὸν ἄλλη καὶ λέγει τοῖς ἐκεῖ 68καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἔξω εἰς τὸ προαύλιον [καὶ ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν]. 69καὶ παιδίσκη ἰδοῦσα αὐτὸν ἤρξατο πάλιν λέγειν τοῖς παρεστῶσιν 58καὶ μετὰ βραχὺ ἕτερος ἰδὼν αὐτὸν ἔφη
71οὗτος ἦν μετὰ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου. 69ὅτι οὗτος ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐστιν. 58καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ. As in Luke's first denial, Matthew's second denial has οὗτος ἦν μετὰ/σὺν Ἰησοῦ/αὐτῷ.
72καὶ πάλιν ἠρνήσατο μετὰ ὅρκου ὅτι οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον. 70 δὲ πάλιν ἠρνεῖτο. 58 δὲ Πέτρος ἔφη ἄνθρωπε, οὐκ εἰμί. Again, the vocative in Luke's version is typical of Q.
73μετὰ μικρὸν δὲ προσελθόντες οἱ ἑστῶτες εἶπον τῷ Πέτρῳ 70καὶ μετὰ μικρὸν πάλιν οἱ παρεστῶτες ἔλεγον τῷ Πέτρῳ 59καὶ διαστάσης ὡσεὶ ὥρας μιᾶς ἄλλος τις διϊσχυρίζετο λέγων διαστάσης is Lukan, as is ὡσεὶ. τις διϊσχυρίζετο λέγων is also Lukan, but ἄλλος is not (Jeremias, 297).
73ἀληθῶς καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ , καὶ γὰρ λαλιά σου δῆλόν σε ποιεῖ. 70ἀληθῶς ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ, καὶ γὰρ Γαλιλαῖος εἶ. 59ἐπʼ ἀληθείας καὶ οὗτος μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἦν, καὶ γὰρ Γαλιλαῖός ἐστιν. Again we have "this one was with him," this time with "also" (minor agreement).
74τότε ἤρξατο καταθεματίζειν καὶ ὀμνύειν 71 δὲ ἤρξατο ἀναθεματίζειν καὶ ὀμνύναι 60εἶπεν δὲ Πέτρος Luke's version is typical of the way a Q saying is introduced (though probably with kai rather than de).
74ὅτι οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον. 71ὅτι οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὃν λέγετε. 60ἄνθρωπε, οὐκ οἶδα λέγεις. Again, the vocative in Luke's version is typical of Q.
74καὶ εὐθέως ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν. 72καὶ εὐθὺς ἐκ δευτέρου ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν. 60καὶ παραχρῆμα ἔτι λαλοῦντος αὐτοῦ ἐφώνησεν ἀλέκτωρ.
61καὶ στραφεὶς κύριος ἐνέβλεψεν τῷ Πέτρῳ, Jeremias, Sprache, 298, notes that this is traditional. Why not view it as the set up for Luke 22:62, which seems to be from Q? Matthew omitted it because it was an incidental detail.
75καὶ ἐμνήσθη Πέτρος τοῦ ῥήματος Ἰησοῦ εἰρηκότος ὅτι 72καὶ ἀνεμνήσθη Πέτρος τὸ ῥῆμα ὡς εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι 61καὶ ὑπεμνήσθη Πέτρος τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ κυρίου ὡς εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὅτι Both Matthew and Luke follow Mark here. It is difficult to imagine what Q might have said, though Luke's ὁ κύριος as a designation of Jesus is probably a feature of Q (though Matt never retains that feature, Luke never adds it to a Markan passage except potentially here; see Streeter, Four Gospels, 212f).
75πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι τρὶς ἀπαρνήσῃ με 72πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι δὶς τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ 61πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι σήμερον ἀπαρνήσῃ με τρίς. σήμερον is also in Luke 22:34, which is likely from Q. The wording there may be closer to the Q wording here, as Luke is likely influenced by Mark here.
75καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἔξω ἔκλαυσεν πικρῶς. 72καὶ ἐπιβαλὼν ἔκλαιεν. 62καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἔξω ἔκλαυσεν πικρῶς. This minor agreement is significant. This is Q.

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