RECONSTRUCTING Q

Last Supper (Matthew 26:20-30||Mark 14:17-26||Luke 22:14-23)

84% reflected in both Matthew and Luke

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Color Coding: Matthew-Mark Agreements | Mark-Luke Agreements | Matthew-Luke Agreements | Triple Agreement
Formatting: Word Is Different | Word Differs from Both Parallels | Morphology Is Different | Morphology Differs from Both Parallels
Gray Background: This is not where this portion is found in this gospel.

MatthewMarkLukeNotes
20Ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης ἀνέκειτο μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα. 21καὶ ἐσθιόντων αὐτῶν εἶπεν 17Καὶ ὀψίας γενομένης ἔρχεται μετὰ τῶν δώδεκα. 18καὶ ἀνακειμένων αὐτῶν καὶ ἐσθιόντων Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν 14Καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο ὥρα, ἀνέπεσεν καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι σὺν αὐτῷ. 15καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς Not only does the Lukan version diverge greatly from Mark, but also it contains undisputed Q material (22:28, 30) as well as an allusion back to Q 10:4 in 22:35-36. Could it be that Q is the source of all of Luke's special material here and also the reason he diverges from Mark's wording and order so much in the Passover account?
15ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἐπεθύμησα τοῦτο τὸ πάσχα φαγεῖν μεθʼ ὑμῶν πρὸ τοῦ με παθεῖν This sentence is found in the Gospel of the Ebionites but is negated (Epiphanius, Panarion 30.22.4).
16λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐ μὴ φάγω αὐτὸ ἕως ὅτου πληρωθῇ ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ. Similar to v. 18, which is paralleled later in the Markan parallel.
17καὶ δεξάμενος ποτήριον εὐχαριστήσας εἶπεν See Mark 14:23 below.
29λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν, οὐ μὴ πίω ἀπʼ ἄρτι ἐκ τούτου τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ὅταν αὐτὸ πίνω μεθʼ ὑμῶν καινὸν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ πατρός μου.
25ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ πίω ἐκ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ὅταν αὐτὸ πίνω καινὸν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ.
17λάβετε τοῦτο καὶ διαμερίσατε εἰς ἑαυτούς 18λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν, [ὅτι] οὐ μὴ πίω ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως οὗ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἔλθῃ. See Jeremias, Eucharistic Words, 97-100, 164; ποτήριον, TDNT 6.153-154; Edwards, Hebrew Gospel, 247. Luke preserves an earlier form than Matthew and Luke.
26λαβὼν Ἰησοῦς ἄρτον καὶ εὐλογήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ δοὺς τοῖς μαθηταῖς εἶπεν
22λαβὼν ἄρτον εὐλογήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς καὶ εἶπεν
19καὶ λαβὼν ἄρτον εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων
26λάβετε φάγετε, τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.
22λάβετε, τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.
19τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον τοῦτο ποιεῖτε εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν. Paul does not have the word διδόμενον.
27καὶ λαβὼν ποτήριον καὶ εὐχαριστήσας ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων
23καὶ λαβὼν ποτήριον εὐχαριστήσας ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἔπιον ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες. 24καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς
20καὶ τὸ ποτήριον ὡσαύτως μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι, λέγων Only Luke preserves the Jewish tradition of having a cup before and after the meal.
28τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυννόμενον
24τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ὑπὲρ πολλῶν.
20τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον καινὴ διαθήκη ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυννόμενον.
21ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν παραδώσει με. 18ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν παραδώσει με ἐσθίων μετʼ ἐμοῦ. 21Πλὴν ἰδοὺ χεὶρ τοῦ παραδιδόντος με Luke 22:21-23 could be entirely from Mark 14:18-21.
22καὶ λυπούμενοι σφόδρα ἤρξαντο λέγειν αὐτῷ εἷς ἕκαστος 19ἤρξαντο λυπεῖσθαι καὶ λέγειν αὐτῷ εἷς κατὰ εἷς See Luke 22:23 below.
22μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, κύριε ; 19μήτι ἐγώ ;
23 δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν 20 δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς
23 ἐμβάψας μετʼ ἐμοῦ τὴν χεῖρα ἐν τῷ τρυβλίῳ οὗτός με παραδώσει. 20εἷς τῶν δώδεκα, ἐμβαπτόμενος μετʼ ἐμοῦ εἰς τὸ τρύβλιον. 21μετʼ ἐμοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης.
24 μὲν υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ, οὐαὶ δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ διʼ οὗ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται 21ὅτι μὲν υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ, οὐαὶ δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ διʼ οὗ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται 22ὅτι υἱὸς μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κατὰ τὸ ὡρισμένον πορεύεται, πλὴν οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ διʼ οὗ παραδίδοται. Luke is clearly taking this from Mark.
24καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος. 21καλὸν αὐτῷ εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος.
25ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ἰούδας παραδιδοὺς αὐτὸν εἶπεν This is a typical Q dialogue. Luke may be aware of it according to v. 23 below.
25μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, ῥαββί ;
25λέγει αὐτῷ
25σὺ εἶπας. Same form as in Matt 26:65, which I think is from Q.
26Ἐσθιόντων δὲ αὐτῶν 22Καὶ ἐσθιόντων αὐτῶν
26λαβὼν Ἰησοῦς ἄρτον καὶ εὐλογήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ δοὺς τοῖς μαθηταῖς εἶπεν 22λαβὼν ἄρτον εὐλογήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς καὶ εἶπεν
19καὶ λαβὼν ἄρτον εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων
26λάβετε φάγετε, τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου. 22λάβετε, τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.
19τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον
27καὶ λαβὼν ποτήριον καὶ εὐχαριστήσας ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων 23καὶ λαβὼν ποτήριον εὐχαριστήσας ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἔπιον ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες. 24καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς
20καὶ τὸ ποτήριον ὡσαύτως μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι, λέγων
27πίετε ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες,
28τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυννόμενον 24τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ὑπὲρ πολλῶν.
20τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον καινὴ διαθήκη ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυννόμενον.
28εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν.
29λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν, οὐ μὴ πίω ἀπʼ ἄρτι ἐκ τούτου τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ὅταν αὐτὸ πίνω μεθʼ ὑμῶν καινὸν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ πατρός μου. 25ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ πίω ἐκ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ὅταν αὐτὸ πίνω καινὸν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ.
18λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν, [ὅτι] οὐ μὴ πίω ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως οὗ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἔλθῃ.
30Καὶ ὑμνήσαντες ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν. 26Καὶ ὑμνήσαντες ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν.
39Καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἐπορεύθη κατὰ τὸ ἔθος εἰς τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν, ἠκολούθησαν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ μαθηταί.
It would be surprising if Luke took this from Mark, since Mark has it earlier (before Jesus predicts Peter's denial). It is possible that this is how the Passover ended in Luke, leading up to the arrest of Jesus. κατὰ τὸ ἔθος is Lukan.
23καὶ αὐτοὶ ἤρξαντο συζητεῖν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς τὸ τίς ἄρα εἴη ἐξ αὐτῶν τοῦτο μέλλων πράσσειν.

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